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2018/1/8 14:52:00
>>【翻译】超级英雄电影何时变得少儿不宜?

The forthcoming superhero flick Suicide Squad, due for release on August 5 CREDIT:WARNERS

To many people, the word “superheroes” conjures up images of brightly coloured costumes, out-of this-world powers, and a few good guys warding off evil. Perhaps it makes you think of old-fashioned, Captain America-style values: of heroes vs villains, right vs wrong, and a world that’s always worth saving.

Take a look at the latest batch of comic book-inspired movies, however, and it becomes clear that things are no longer that straightforward.

Marvel’s Captain America: Civil War was packed with the studio’s trademark humour and warmth – but it was also the franchise’s saddest, most emotionally complex film yet. Twentieth Century Fox’s Deadpool (admittedly based on an adult-orientated series of comic books) broke new ground by proudly aiming for an R rating in the US - ie no unaccompanied under-17s - and was every bit as irreverent, foul-mouthed and strictly “not for kids” as expected.

And while Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice might have sounded like the stuff that super-nerd dreams are made of, in the hands of Warner Bros and director Zack Snyder the film ended up as possibly the dreariest superhero blockbuster ever made.

Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice
 

If the trailers are anything to go by, the studio’s latest venture into comic book territory, David Ayer’s Suicide Squad, should be a lot more enjoyable – but don’t expect it to be one to take the kids to. The BBFC announced on Tuesday that the film will be receiving a 15 certificate in the UK, due to "sustained threat" and "moderate violence".

Of course, no one’s denying that there’s a place for chilling, deliciously dark comic book fare – or that there’s a market for fantasy movies that are “just for grown ups”. Many fans have consequently greeted the BBFC announcement with delight: it indicates that the film has made its villains (the "baddest of the bad") authentically nasty.

Suicide Squad is 122 minutes and a 15. Good. We know it's not going to be overlong and it will have some edgier stuff!

— Benny B (@NinDorkKnight) July 20, 2016

Yesss, Suicide Squad is rated 15

— Sirat (@SiratSheikh) July 20, 2016

Glad Suicide Squad is getting a 15 rating. We won't be ruined by a ton of young kids in the cinema! :)

— Rich Walker (@whiskeyrich) July 20, 2016

Happy to see #SuicideSquad has been confirmed as a 15 in the UK. Hats off to Warners and DC for not chasing the kids!

— Kyle McManus (@thatkylemcmanus) July 20, 2016 

But spare a thought for all the disappointed UK-based 12-year-olds out there – implicitly told that these franchises are “for kids”, bombarded with Batman- and Joker-themed merchandise and cartoons from a young age, but barred from actually watching their favourite heroes and villains on the big screen.

 

#SuicideSquad receives a 15 rating. A whole lot of kids are going to be upset at missing out on a movie with Batman in it...

— Connor Lightbody (@ConnorLightbody) July 19, 2016

Wow. The vitriol from adults about #SuicideSquad receiving a 15 rating "Screw the kids" Imagine your crying 14 year old, then be an asshole

— Connor Lightbody (@ConnorLightbody) July 19, 2016

 

In some ways, the move towards “dark, gritty and adult” is just a way for companies such as Warner Bros and Fox to distinguish themselves from the wildly successful Marvel Studios, which has gained a reputation for making superhero movies that are fun, accessible and generally family-friendly: the likes of Avengers, Guardians of the Galaxy and Ant-Man.

But there’s also, perhaps, a sense of ownership at play here. Men and women who are now in their twenties and thirties grew up with superheroes and comic books – and rather than relinquishing them to a new generation, they want to cling on to their heroes as long as possible, by making them more “adult”.

The problem is, children need comic book movies too. Back in the Seventies, the psychologist Bruno Bettelheim wrote about how fairy-tales help children navigate the world around them, teaching them about how to confront their fears, and offering narratives filled with hope and the power of redemption. In many ways, superhero movies and comic books are the fairy-tales of the modern age: they're often about determination, magical transformations and the emergence of the unlikely hero. Strip away all the masturbation jokes and even the Deadpool movie had quite a sweet, life-affirming central narrative.

In some ways, it's admirable that the Suicide Squad team aren't caving in to financial pressures and are making a film that's just for adults. But I can't help hoping that the next time a live action Batman appears on screen (presumably in 2017's  Justice League ) it'll be in a movie that kids will be able to enjoy too.

Failing that, at least there's  The Lego Batman Movie to look forward to...

超级英雄电影《自杀小队》(Suicide Squad)即将于8月5日上映(来源:华纳兄弟)

对许多人来说,“超级英雄”一词会让人联想到这样一种形象:颜色鲜艳的服装,非同凡人的能力,几位正义之士对抗邪恶力量。它可能会让人想起过时的美国队长式的价值观:英雄与反派的斗争,是非善恶的较量,不惜一切来拯救这个世界。

但是,回顾最近上映的一系列由漫画改编而来的电影,人们会清楚地发现,这些电影中的是是非非可就没那么简单了。

由漫威漫画改编而来的电影《美国队长3:内战》(Captain America: Civil War)既有漫威影业一贯的幽默与温情,同时也是至今最为悲伤、情感最为复杂的一部特许经营电影。二十世纪福克斯电影公司制作的《死侍》(Deadpool)(显然是由成人系列漫画改编而来)再开先河,旨在打造美国R级电影(17岁以下儿童须在成年人陪伴下观看),这类电影内容粗俗无礼,按规定是严格“限制儿童观看”的。

虽然电影《蝙蝠侠大战超人:正义黎明》(Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice)听上去像是一场无稽之谈,但在华纳兄弟(Warner Bros)与导演扎克·施耐德(Zack Snyder)手中,这部电影最后或许已经变成了史上最为沉闷阴暗的超级英雄大片。

蝙蝠侠大战超人:正义黎明

从预告片看来,华纳兄弟最近推出的一部由大卫·阿耶(David Ayer)执导的漫画改编电影《自杀小队》(Suicide Squad),应该会精彩许多——但是也别指望这部电影适宜儿童观看。英国电影分级委员会(BBFC)于近日宣布,该影片在英国将限制15岁以下儿童观看,因为电影中会有“持续威胁”和“轻微暴力”的内容。

当然,无可否认总有人会购买内容惊悚、黑暗刺激的漫画书,也不可否认“仅适合成年人”观看的魔幻电影有其发展市场。因此许多影迷都是乐见英国电影分级委员会的分级结果的:这意味着这部电影里反派角色(“罪人之最”)是真心黑暗到家了。

《自杀小队》时长122分钟,是一部15禁电影。电影还不错。大伙儿都知道电影不会过长,情节也更加刺激!

——本尼·B(@NinDorkKnight)2016年7月20日

棒呆!《自杀小队》15禁!

——斯拉特(@SiratSheikh)2016年7月20日

《自杀小队》15禁不能更开心。看电影时总算没有一帮熊孩子捣乱啦!

——里奇·沃克(@whiskeyrich)2016年7月20日

超开心《自杀小队》在英国15禁。给华纳兄弟和DC漫画点赞,总算可以不在电影院捉孩子了!

——凯尔·麦克玛纳斯(@thatkylemcmanus)2016年7月20日

但是为英国12岁左右的孩子们想想,他们的失望之情可想而知——他们看着蝙蝠侠长大,无形中就会认为这些是“适合孩子”的——他们从小就购买小丑(译者注:《蝙蝠侠》中的反派角色)主题的商品,观看《蝙蝠侠》的卡通片,现在却不能在大荧幕上看一看他们最喜欢的英雄人物和反派角色。

《自杀小队》被评为15禁电影。许多孩子要伤心了,他们错过了有蝙蝠侠在里面的电影……

——康纳·莱特博迪(@ConnorLightbody)2016年7月19日

哇,成年人对《自杀小队》的差评让电影15禁了,孩子看电影是没戏了。想想你自己14岁时的哭样吧,长大后也变成一个混蛋了。

——康纳·莱特博迪(@ConnorLightbody)2016年7月19日

从某种程度上说,像华纳兄弟和福克斯这样的电影公司之所以要让电影变得“黑暗、粗俗和成人”,只是为了将公司自身与大获成功的漫威影业区分开来,后者的名声在于其制作的超级英雄电影欢乐有趣、老少皆宜,适合一家人一起观看:比如《复仇者联盟》、《银河护卫队》、《蚁人》等。

此外可能还有一种所属感影响其中。现如今二三十岁的青年男女是看着超级英雄与漫画书长大的——他们可能并不想将这些回忆就此留给新一代孩子,而是将它们“成人化”,从而和自己心中的英雄永远在一起。

但问题在于,孩子也需要漫画书改变的电影。20世纪70年代,心理学家布鲁诺·贝特尔海姆(Bruno Bettelheim)就提到过童话故事是如何指引孩子接触周围世界,教育他们如何面对恐惧,并在讲故事的同时给孩子灌注希望与救赎的力量。从许多方面来看,超级英雄的电影与漫画书就好比当代的童话故事:他们通常象征着决心,有着神奇的变身能力,如同天神下凡。抛开那些低俗下流的玩笑,像《死侍》这样的电影都有着积极可爱、肯定人生的中心思想。

从某种程度看来,《自杀小队》没有受制于资金压力,成为了一部仅适合成人观看的电影,这一点是值得钦佩的。但我还是禁不住希望等到下次蝙蝠侠出现在大荧幕上时(可能会是2017年上映的《正义联盟》),那时孩子也可以开心地观看电影。

如果这部电影也不行,至少还可以期待《乐高蝙蝠侠大电影》(The Lego Batman Movie )……

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